Alternate Names: Chauma, Che Ma, Ma, Ma Krung, Ma Ngan, Ma To, Ma Xop, Maaq
Dialects: Sometimes considered a Koho , dialect.
Genealogy:
Demographics: 33,300 (1999 census). Ethnic population: 41,400 (2009 census).
Language Use: Also use Vietnamese [vie].
Language Development: Literacy rate in L1: 10%–30%. Literacy rate in L2: 50%–75%.
Nation of Origin: Viet Nam
Other Comments: An official ethnic community. Traditional religion, Christian.