Alternate Names: Eastern Kadazan, Labuk Kadazan, Sogilitan, Tindakon, Tompulung
Dialects: Labuk, Lamag Sungai (Sungei), Mangkaak (Mangkahak, Mangkak, Mangkok), Sukang.
Genealogy:
Demographics: Ethnic population: 20,600 (2000 SIL). 14,000–16,000 Labuk (1987 SIL); 7,000–8,000 Sungai (1982 SIL).
Language Use: Children may learn Sabah Malay [msi] first. Standard Malay [zsm] used in church, school, and official settings. Home, market, village. 95% of the children are not learning the language and using it in the home. Positive attitudes. 10,000 also use Sabah Malay [msi]. Also use Standard Malay [zsm].
Language Development: Literacy rate in L2: 85% in Standard Malay [zsm]. Literacy is highly valued. Dictionary. NT: 1996.
Typology: VSO; prepositions; genitives after nouns; question word initial; nontonal.
Writing System: Latin
Nation of Origin: Malaysia
Other Comments: Cross-cultural marriage and migration.