Alternate Names: Bawang, Bopa, Danba, Daofu, Daofuhua, Dawu, Ergong, Geshitsa, Geshiza, Geshizahua, Hor, Hórsók, Huo’er, Nyagrong-Minyag, Pawang, Rgu, rTau, sTau, Western Gyarong, Western Jiarong, Xinlong-Muya
Dialects: Geshitsa (Geshiza), Nyagrong-Minyag (Xinlong-Muya), sTau (Daofu, Dawu, rTau). The dialects of Horpa reportedly are not mutually intelligible.
Status Notes: Language of recognized nationality: Tibetan.
Genealogy:
Demographics: 45,000 (Shearer and Sun Hong Kai 2002). sTau: 23,000, Geshitsa: 21,000, Nyagrong-Minyak: 1,000. 15,000 monolinguals.
Language Use: All domains. Mainly adults but also a large percentage of children speak Horpa vigorously. Neutral attitudes. 1,000 also use Central Tibetan [bod]. 20,000 also use Mandarin Chinese [cmn].
Language Development: Dictionary.
Typology: SOV; adjectives and number-classifier constructions follow noun heads; affixation; compounding; reduplication; complex consonant cluster onsets; nontonal.
Nation of Origin: China
Other Comments: Buddhist (Lamaist).