Alternate Names: Bugre, Caingang, Coroado, Coroados
Dialects: Central Kaingang, Paraná Kaingang, Southeast Kaingang, Southwest Kaingang.
Genealogy:
Demographics: 18,000 (1989 SIL). Ethnic population: 25,900.
Language Use: Growing interest in revitalization (Golla 2007). Language use varies: in some communities all speak Kaingang as L1, in others all speak Portuguese [por] as L1, or the majority is bilingual in Portuguese (Crevels 2007).
Language Development: Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1977–2005.
Typology: SOV.
Writing System: Latin
Nation of Origin: Brazil
Other Comments: Alternate names now only used in old documents. Glossonym: Bugre, also used for Xokleng , and Mbyá Guaraní ,.