Alternate Names: Limos-Liwan Kalinga, Northern Kalinga
Dialects: None known. Intelligibility: Lubuagan Kalinga , 65%, Southern Kalinga , 66%, Tanudan Kalinga 67% ,, Ilocano , 84%.
Genealogy:
Demographics: 12,700 (2007 census), increasing. L2 users: Used by those intermarrying with local speakers and by outsiders living in the area.
Language Use: All domains. All ages. Positive attitudes. Also use English [eng], Ilocano [ilo], Tagalog [tgl]. Used as L2 by Mabaka Valley Kalinga [kkg].
Language Development: Literacy rate in L1: 70%. Literacy rate in L2: 80%. Taught in secondary schools. Radio programs. Videos. Grammar. NT: 2004.
Typology: VOS; prepositions; genitives before noun heads; articles, adjectives and numerals before noun heads; relatives after noun heads; question word in sentence-initial position; 3 maximum prefixes, 2 maximum suffixes; word order does not distinguish subjects, objects and indirect objects; word order does not distinguish given and new information, topic and comment; affixes do not indicate case of noun phrases; verb affixes mark number; passives; causatives; comparatives; CV, CVC.
Writing System: Latin
Nation of Origin: Philippines
Other Comments: Lowland teachers and church leaders use other languages which Limos Kalinga speakers find difficult to understand, and it forces the Limos Kalinga speakers to shift to the other languages. Christian.