Alternate Names: Butbut
Dialects: None known. 72% intelligibility of Limos Kalinga ,; 44% of Ilocano ,; 70% of Guinaang ,, 47% of Tanudan ,, 74% of Bangad (Southern) Kalinga ,. Lexical similarity: 82% with Southern Kalinga, 78% with Guinaang and Tanudan.
Genealogy:
Demographics: 15,000 (2008), increasing. 1,000 monolinguals.
Language Use: Home, community, church. All ages. Positive attitudes. 14,000 also use Ilocano [ilo]. Acquired through school, travel, media, and use in church.
Language Development: Literacy rate in L2: 98%. Taught in primary schools. Poetry. Newspapers. Radio programs. TV. Videos. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 2012.
Typology: VSO; prepositions; genitives before noun heads; articles normally before adjectives, numerals, and noun heads; question word in sentence-initial position; 3 maximum suffixes; word order distinguishes subjects, objects and indirect objects, given and new information, topic and comment; affixes do not indicate case of noun phrases; verb affixes mark number; passives; causatives; comparatives; CV, CVC; nontonal.
Writing System: Latin
Nation of Origin: Philippines
Other Comments: Christian, traditional religion.