Efate, North

LLP

developing

Alternate Names: Nakanamanga

Dialects: Buninga, Emau, Livara, Nguna (Guna, Ngunese, Tongoa), Paunangis, Sesake.

Genealogy:

Austronesian

Malayo-Polynesian

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Oceanic

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Remote Oceanic

North and Central Vanuatu

Northeast Vanuatu-Banks Islands

Central Vanuatu

Demographics: 9,500 (Lynch and Crowley 2001).

Language Use: Livara dialect is extinct. Also use English [eng]. Used as L2 by Emae [mmw], Eton [etn], Lelepa [lpa].

Language Development: Literacy rate in L1: 30%–60%. Literacy rate in L2: 50%–75%. Bible: 1972.

Typology: SVO (for Nguna).

Writing System: Latin

Nation of Origin: Vanuatu