Genealogy:
Demographics: 1,000 (1999 P. Bakker). L1 and L2 speakers. 0 monolinguals.
Language Use: Negative attitudes. Also use Spanish [spa].
Language Development: Literacy rate in L1: 0%. Literacy rate in L2: 50% in Spanish.
Nation of Origin: Ecuador
Other Comments: Quechua grammatical system with Spanish vocabulary.