Tharu, Chitwania

THE

developing

Alternate Names: Chitoniya Tharu, Chitwan Tharu, Chitwaniya

Dialects: Nawalpuriya Tharu (Laulpuriya Tharu).

Status Notes: Language of recognized indigenous nationality: Tharu.

Genealogy:

Indo-European
Indo-Iranian
Indo-Aryan
Eastern zone
Unclassified

Demographics: 285,000 in Nepal (2001 census), increasing. Population for all Tharu varieties: 1,530,000 (2011 census). L2 users: 46,600 L2 speakers for all Tharu languages (1991 census).

Language Use: Vigorous within the language community. Home, friends, religion; mixed use: Work, education. All ages. Neutral or negative attitudes. Also use Bhojpuri [bho], Hindi [hin], Nepali [npi].

Language Development: Literacy rate in L1: Below 1%. Taught in primary schools, in 2 schools in Chitwan District only. Poetry. Magazines. Newspapers. New media. Radio programs. Films. Videos. Bible portions: 1977.

Typology: SOV; postpositions; noun head final; 2 genders; content q-word in situ; up to 3 suffixes; clause constituents indicated by case-marking; verbal affixation marks person and number; tense and aspect; no passive or voice; nontonal; 34 consonant and 6 vowel phonemes (5 of the vowels can be nasalized).

Writing System: Devanagari

Nation of Origin: Nepal

Other Comments: Traditional religion.