Totonac, Upper Necaxa

TKU

threatened

Dialects: None known. Reportedly most similar to Tecpatlan Totonac ,. Northern Totonac , materials are difficult to understand.

Genealogy:

Totonacan
Totonac

Demographics: 3,400 (2000 INEGI). 680 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 5,800.

Language Use: Moderate use. Not all parents pass it on to children. Local administration, commerce, religion. Mainly adults. Neutral attitudes. 70% also use Spanish [spa]. A few may also speak Nahuatl. Spanish used in schools.

Language Development: Literacy rate in L1: 5%. Literacy rate in L2: 30%. Bilingual primary schools in Patla and San Pedro. NT: 1999.

Writing System: Latin

Nation of Origin: Mexico

Other Comments: Young people must leave to find jobs.