Jemez

TOW

threatened

Alternate Names: Towa

Genealogy:

Kiowa-Tanoan

Demographics: 1,790 (Ichihashi-Nakayama, Yumitani, and Yamamoto 2007), decreasing. 2,009 listed as Towa in 2000 census. 6 monolinguals (1990). Ethnic population: 1,940 (Ichihashi-Nakayama 2007).

Language Use: Vigorous. All ages. Also use English [eng].

Language Development: Literacy rate in L1: Below 1%. Literacy rate in L2: 50%–75%.

Writing System: Latin

Nation of Origin: United States

Other Comments: Traditional Pueblo law forbids writing Jemez or teaching it to outsiders. Traditional religion, Christian.